Protocols are the rules for transmission. For a transmission of data information to be successful, each of the devices/computer attached to both ends must speak the same set of devices and same types of software. Practically it is not possible in this distributed world. To overcome this limitation, certain set of rules which are common and acceptable by both parties are developed which play a role of intermediatory/ interpreter between the sender and the receiver, which is known as protocols. For example, TCP/IP is a open protocol for the system's engaged in communication through internet.
Data on an Internet Protocol network is organized into packets. Each IP packet includes both a header (that specifies source, destination, and other information about the data) and the message data itself.Given below are some of the protocol sets used in different OSI model:
- Application layer :- FTP/TFTP, TELNET,GOPHER, HTP
- Presentation layer:- SMTP/NFS
- Session layer :- Telnet, SNMP
- Transport layer :- TCP, UDP
- Network layer :- IP
- Datalink layer :- ARP, RARP, RIP
- Physical layer :- Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI
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